Pro Staff Articles
Safe Handling of Game - From Field to Freezer
When hunting, we often spend a great amount of time on preparation. We scout, we plant, we study, we track, we think, we analyze, fantasize, and practice. Many of us not just for the excitement and joy of the hunt, but also the anticipation of bringing home meat for the freezer. But what happens when all the preparation pays off? For most of us, I think it’s safe to say, it’s some of the lesser things we think about when hunting. Not always the more enjoyable aspects of hunting, but without a doubt just as important as the preparation and enjoyment of the hunt is the process of getting the game from the field to the freezer. Here are some things to consider.
After the Shot
One of the first things you should consider after harvesting an animal is that “blood rushes to the wound”. It’s the same principle as when we get a cut or gash and our body naturally sends a heavy flow of blood to the wound for the platelets to create a clot. It’s a natural process in mammals when there is a wound. If you have processed or seen an animal processed you have seen the “blood shot” tissue surrounding the wound. It’s often a gel consistency and can range from a dark red to light pink in color and sometimes almost black with age. That’s the natural process of the body trying to heal itself. Those are the sections of meat we often cut around and throw away because they are quick to spoil. The more blood left in the meat, the more chance there is of spoiling to occur more quickly. This is one reason why we hang the animal while aging it, discussed later, and why it is considered best to hang it from the hind legs. Gravity will pull the blood out of the body through or into to the extremities of the neck where the least amount of meat will be used, saving the better sections of meat in the hind quarters.
Side note: Shot Placement As a side note, “blood rushes to the wound” is something to consider in shot placement. I am not an
avid fan of shoulder shots for that reason. I hate to lose the meat. Now there’s no moral push behind it, and I certainly don’t put down those that prefer it. There are some good reasons out there that I have been given for shoulder shots, such as less tracking in densely wooded areas, etc. Better to lose some meat than the animal altogether. But it is just something to consider when making the shot. Neck shots are another option as well. I have taken several deer by neck shots, though I do try to shoot as close to the head as I can to avoid meat loss. The thing to remember is that vitals shots are the only ones that will expel the majority of the blood from the animal. With larger game animals especially, a good heart and lung shot will allow the blood to be pumped from the animal during its run. Those blood trails are not just good for tracking, but good for the resulting curing and consuming of the meat. Something you may not have considered before.
Heat
The second thing to consider after harvesting an animal is heat. Once the blood stops flowing through the animal, the resulting lack of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues allows the decaying process to begin. This is called spoiling as bacteria, enzymes, and microorganisms immediately begin to breakdown tissue. Warmer temperatures encourage this spoiling and also create more ideal conditions for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, which can cause food borne illnesses. For these reasons it is critical to get the core temperature of the animal down as quickly as possible. Cooler temperatures delay or slow the spoiling process and growth of microorganisms, sparing the meat, the taste of your meal, and your health!
The quickest way to begin cooling the animal down once harvested is field dressing. I had considered including field dressing
methods, but with as many videos and how-tos there are online that can give you good information on field dressing, or gutting as it is also called; I opted to leave those out. Check your state Environmental Management website as well as they often have how-tos for field dressing various game animals. Look for specific methods of field dressing for the game animal you are hunting, though many are dressed in much the same way. One thing to consider in all cases as a good suggestion is to prop the animal’s chest or body cavity open using a stick, allowing the air to enter and the heat to be released from the body. You want to cool down the harvested animal as quickly as possible.
Aging
Some people call it conditioning, some people call it aging, but in either case it is the same. Aging the meat involves hanging or storing the meat in a cool place for a given length of time. The purpose of aging is to allow the enzymes, found naturally in the meat, to begin to break down the fibers which result in a more tender, and sometimes more flavorful meat. The length of time which the meat is hung or stored depends on a few different factors.
The most important factors to consider are temperature and humidity. If the outside temperature is no more than 45F degrees, then you have ready access to a cool place for aging, but be careful as you don't want the meat to freeze either. Warmer outside temperatures require the use of a walk-in cooler, or even a refrigerator depending on the size of the game. You may also quarter larger game and debone it if necessary to fit it in a refrigerator. The lack of access to a cool storage area may necessitate the immediate processing of the animal. Some people process game immediately because they prefer the taste of the meat less aged. Less or no aging is not harmful, but just remember warm temperatures can be destructive and unhealthy as we discussed earlier, so cool it or process it. Prolonged exposure to moisture, especially at warmer temperatures, will aid the spoiling process. In humid conditions frequently wipe the carcass or meat down with a dry towel. Do not store the meat for long periods in humid conditions if at all possible.
The age of the harvested animal can also be a factor in the length of time needed to age the meat. Younger animals are often naturally more tender than older ones. Their muscles are not as matured and lack the degree of collagen, or connective tissue, that older animals have. The older they are the more the collagen resists breaking down as well, so longer aging times are needed to make the meat more tender.
One final factor I try to consider is the stress of the animal at the time of harvesting. “Stress” can seem very broad, but in general it is the idea of the animal being excited or rushed with adrenaline and/or testosterone at the time of kill. Adrenaline can come from the animal being chased prior to harvesting, or extensive run after a bad shot. As for testosterone, we all know that buck with the swollen neck has plenty of it. When harvesting a buck or other large game animal in rut, it’s often better to let it hang at least 5 to 6 days to allow the enzymes to have time to work against the testosterone flooded tissues as long as you have that cool place to hang it.
Processing
Once the meat has been aged, or if the temperatures don’t allow for it, it’s time for processing. If you have your game processed by a butcher, you may be all done other than throwing it in the freezer. Once again, there are many videos, online resources, and books available to help you with the specific details of how to process, or butcher, your game. So for this article I will stick to the cautions and considerations of safely handling it.
If you do it yourself, or if you have to wrap it yourself, always start with a clean, sanitary surface. All the safe handling in the field and storage can be ruined if the meat picks up bacteria from the surface you process it on. Sanitize the counter top, work bench, or picnic table and consider spreading freezer paper if necessary. Wash your hands good before and after the process as well. If you use freezer paper or zip-style freezer bags, be sure to seal them as well as you can. I personally love vacuum sealing the meat I bring home. It removes a majority of the air from the package and really helps in preventing freezer burn and spoiling, which allows you to store the meat longer in the freezer as well. Proper date labeling, and rotating the contents of the freezer is important also to prevent using the newer additions to your freezer before the older ones. You’d hate to throw out a bunch of meat you got at the beginning of last season because it went bad hiding under all that meat you added during a good end-of-season hunt.
How we handle our harvested game, from the moment of the shot to the time it enters the freezer can directly affect the taste, condition, and health of the meat we put on our table. The work of field to freezer is not always pleasant, but it's vital to a successful hunt.
Some of the information and photos in this article were gathered from foodservice.com, naturalhub.com, and huntersguide.org.
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Pro Staff Articles
Getting Everything Ready
You are getting yourself and your equipment ready for the upcoming hunting season. Replacing clothes, buying ammo, making sure your licenses are in order, maybe even working out to get your body ready for long treks in the woods BUT what about your four-legged hunting buddies?
Most hunters in the South have to put their hunting dog(s) “up” for the summer due to the heat. I know that my Beagles do not make it to the woods to “work out” like they want to in the hot summer months here in Virginia. Now is the time to start getting them back on track for the upcoming hunting season as well.
This is what I do to prepare my dogs to go afield with me, and I start this around September 1st when at all possible.
First, I check over my vaccine records and make sure every dog is current. Then I make sure all the dogs have had a good worming.
The rest will be a day by day and week by week preparation for them (and for me). I make sure to check the collars they wear in the field to insure that they are in good shape and have a flat tag riveted onto them with my name and cell phone and home phone number on it.
Your dog needs to work up to running all day just as you need to work up to walking all day. If you have not been doing this all summer and are out of shape, well so are the dogs. Now, mind you, I have a large fenced area that I let the beagles out to play in all year round, but there are no rabbits to run in that area and all it does is help ward off “pen (cabin) fever”. In September I start taking a few of them at a time to the field and let them get back to using their noses to root out Mr. Bunny and maybe have a good short chase or two. I do this the last hour of daylight or very early in the morning a few days a week. After that first few weeks of this I move to keeping them out longer periods of time as the weather cools down.
During this same time I start to slowly increase the amount of fat in their diet by switching over from a maintenance type 21% protein 10% fat based dog food to a 24% protein 20% fat based dog food. Working dogs need a higher intake of fat in their diets and most often do not need to increase protein levels nearly as much as was thought in years past. A healthy adult sporting/hunting dog will keep good muscle tone with 21% to 24% protein. The average hunting dog will burn up 5% to 11% of their body fat when working in the field for 5 hours or more. Replacing the fat in the dog’s diet means it will have it there to use when it is needed. This is also a time you will need to use “common sense” with your hunting partner, if the dog puts on extra weight that is not being used up when the dog is working in the field, then you need to reduce the fat content of its food. At this time I also start adding more of my vitamin supplement to the dog’s food. This supplement is composed primarily of brewer’s yeast, C, B12, B6, and omega 6 salmon oil. There are many of these types of supplements available at pet food stores and farm supply stores, and I have found as long as the supplement contains those major ingredients you will be happy with the results. (Now I give this supplement all year round to my hunting dogs, but I give it in half doses in the warm summer months.)
Now, when you are getting your hunting dog ready for the season be sure that you have trimmed their toe nails and pay close
attention to the pads of their feet. They have not been running on those pads all summer and they are tender. There are products you can purchase to toughen up those pads or to treat them if they do become sore – get some, keep it handy because if you do not have any around you will need it, Murphy’s Law here folks. I also have first aide cream or spray around all the time for those briar pricked ears and tail tips.
Remember, prepare your four-legged hunting buddy like you prepare yourself! You will be glad you did!
Pro Staff Articles
Environmental Police Officer - A Day in the Life
Michael DiPietro is an Environmental Police Officer (EPO) with the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM). He started out first as a park ranger for 2 summers, then working on through the winter the second year; he spent the 3rd summer as an auxiliarist, or auxiliary EPO. He had been in college for Psychology, but was soon hooked and switched his major to Wildlife Management. Michael grew up hunting, fishing, and even spent time mushrooming over the years, so environmental management simply seemed a good fit. He had gotten to know several of the EPOs during his time as a park ranger and auxiliarist as well, which helped influence his decision to apply for the position himself. He was hired, went through the academy, and has spent the last 27 years, including those as a ranger and auxiliarist, working for the DEM here in RI. Michael went back to college in the evenings and received his BA in Administration of Justice. For the last 15 years he has been a Range Officer for DEM and currently, as chief range officer, oversees the weapons training for all EPOs who carry. He has volunteered as a Hunter’s Safety Course teacher for 18 years, which was how he and I first met, at my son’s course this summer. Michael graciously agreed to take me on a ride-along this fall so I could get a different perspective on the DEM and what they do.
On October 1st, we met at a Park-And-Ride not far from my house. I was pretty impressed right up front. Michael has been issued a new model Chevy Tahoe, very well equipped with laptop, radio, subdued lights, etc. It is obvious our dollars from hunting licenses are being well spent. He had the necessary gear to do his job and do it well. And as we talked I learned more of why EPOs needed to be so well outfitted. Unlike a state or local policeman, or agent with the Marine Fisheries, an EPO not only needs to know the regulations of the environmental agency, but also all of the state and local laws a police officer would need to learn. They are governing authority on state parks and beaches throughout the year, so are often called to deal with accidents, domestic disputes, etc. that take place on those properties, not just the hunting and fishing aspect of enforcement. EPOs also are subcontracted by Marine Fisheries division to check and enforce laws at the docks and local waters. They are there to ensure commercial boats are adhering to regulations and in compliance, as well to enforce any laws and regulations broken by crew members. Those subcontracts are federal, which provide for overtime for the EPOs. They also open additional federal funding opportunities that help to pay for newer vehicles and better equipment for the EPOs such as guns, body armor, etc. It’s a wide range of enforcement for a small force of 24 officers and the equipment needed to do that range of enforcement is vital.
We drove the area and checked/stopped at several of the DEM parking/access areas to state lands. I learned a lot just from our first stop as I watched him check the vehicles parked at the access. He explained to me how just looking into the vehicle can give him a good indication of a person’s purpose on the management property. Simple things, such as a blanket in the back seat or a bowl in the back of a station wagon are good indicators the person is simply there to walk their dog. That is one of the most common uses of state land, as well as hiking. Tracks around the vehicle confirm if the dog is present and how many people may be with the vehicle. Michael looked for signs of muzzle loading equipment as well. RI had an early doe-only season this year that was open at the time. However it was for private land only, so any indication of a muzzle loader having been in the vehicle at state land would have been an indication of violation and cause to pursue into the management area to find the hunter. I was impressed how much can be learned up front by simple, but attentive observation.
We hadn’t been on the road very long it seemed when a call came in. A boat had capsized just outside the breachway, 3 adults and 2 children were in the water, and the Coast Guard had not yet been dispatched. I have to be honest, it was exciting as an observer, but I was praying the people in the water would be OK. Repeated conversation over the radio confirmed the people in the water would need rescue so dispatch sent us to pick up DEM's 14’ Boston Whaler. Sirens and lights going, Michael rushed to the breachway. As we closed in on the access, the call came in that another EPO had arrived on scene. The Coast Guard had arrived and thankfully were able to retrieve the 5 people from the water and had them on their way to medical attention. We followed through to the scene to finish the call. I was amazed at the amount of response; fire rescue vehicles, ambulances, and other DEM and police vehicles were all on site and standing down. People were gathered along the beach to watch the rescue and park personnel were directing traffic in and out of the breachway parking area. The emergency was handled quickly and efficiently with, thankfully, no lives lost.
We returned the boat to its storage point and continued on patrolling the management areas. We stopped to talk to a few different people as the day went on, just to be a presence and to see if there were any issues that warranted further attention. One such conversation lead Michael to discover an improperly issued fishing license. A gentleman with out-of-state plates and an out-of-state driver’s license was in possession of a resident fishing license, an obvious red flag. What I found impressive was that with no reflection of force or disrespect to the person at hand, Michael continued the conversation and was able to discern what happened without jumping to conclusions. As it turned out there was a misunderstanding with the issuing license agent and the gentleman had just moved into the area. Sportsmen often think the environmental officers
are out to “get them” or determined to find something wrong. I suppose there are always a few who are out to flex their authority, but at least with the officers I have met, most are just looking to keep things on the up and up for the benefit of everyone who hunts and fishes or uses the natural resources of the state. That was further confirmed for me when Michael simply issued a warning to the gentleman when he could have legally pressed him with a $100 fine. He said he “believes more in education” as a means to administer the regulations and that people respond better to it than simple legalistic enforcement of the laws. People are more apt to adjust what they are doing and adhere to the laws when they are respected. As someone on the receiving end of those laws as a hunter and fisherman I couldn’t have agreed more!
I spent a lot of time asking questions about the various aspects, benefits, and downfalls of being an EPO. One of the things that stuck out to me as something I would find both a fun aspect to the job, but also a tough aspect was what I mentioned above about an EPO having such a wide range of enforcement and jurisdiction. The tough part for me would be the massive amount of law memorization needed to cover all of those aspects. The books of regulations and statutes an EPO needs to know in each of these areas, environmental, law enforcement, and fisheries can be one to several inches thick each. The job has a lot of variations because of those aspects however, and for me the varied work load would be fun. As the season change so do the aspects of your job. During the fall and winter months there is a heavy need for hunting regulations, obviously, but even then moments arise where the focus turns. Like with what happened to us during the ride-along with the capsized boat. As spring
and summer rolls in, there is more attention on fishing and enforcement of state park regulations as campers and hikers move into the parks. Campgrounds become mini towns requiring traffic and domestic enforcement. Michael said that their busiest times are actually more in the summer than during hunting season because of all of the beaches, parks, and campgrounds they need to patrol. The population of people is much greater on state lands at those times, which naturally leads to more need of enforcement. Given such a wide range of enforcement, I was curious what the most common infractions an EPO runs across were. For Michael, during hunting season it is trespassing and insufficient or improperly worn orange. Lesser were possession of the wrong type of ammo (such as too large size of shot for season at hand, etc.) and hunters over the bagging limit of small game and birds. During the summer months, as with most vacationers, it is more the domestic violations, parties, etc. You simply never know what you may encounter that day when you sign in and for me that would make the job even more interesting.
There are many other benefits to the position as well. An EPO has state-wide arrest authority, not jurisdictional, so other than state lines there are no physical boundaries in the state to be concerned about crossing in getting their job done. Also, unlike typical law enforcement who have to get a warrant to do a search and seizure, an EPO has up front permission to do so. It’s given through the possession of a hunting/fishing license or use of state lands. When we purchase those licenses or park on state lands it gives the EPO permission to search vehicles, baggage, packs, etc. without having to go and first obtain a warrant. They also have assumed authority to enter private land unless the act is non-essential to enforcement of environmental laws. That provides for the immediate cease & desist acts in wetlands, etc.
A typical work week of 4 on 2 off can be both a benefit and a downfall to the job. It does provide time for the EPOs to be able to get out hunting themselves as any of us would with our weekends, but it also makes it tough socially. You could work 5 to 1 one day, 2 to 10 the next and each week the schedule changes, which can be tough as anyone who works a rotating shift knows. Let’s just say not many, if any, EPOs can be found as members of their local bowling league with a schedule like that. Throw in the occasional missed baseball or football game for your kids and it’s definitely not for everyone.
Other downfalls are more obvious. The job is a dangerous one. An EPO has a higher percent chance of an assault or fatal attack than most law enforcement officers. Though Michael seemed very calm and says he feels very safe in his job, EPOs are required to enter positions on a daily basis during hunting season where they are confronting armed individuals and often in remote areas. There is always the knowledge that they may be confronting someone who Is not afraid to retaliate if they have something they are desperate enough to hide. There are also no detectives in the environmental management division. An EPO does all aspects of the enforcement job. That also means there is no desk job per se’ to retire to as you get older. If you enter the career later in life, to get your time in for retirement you may still be jumping boats and hiking deep into state lands in full gear at 60 years old.
All benefits and downfalls considered, a career in environmental law enforcement can be a very challenging and rewarding career. You can expect to need in most states a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in environmental or wildlife management, marine biology, or other type of wildlife field. Once you apply you’ll be subject to an agility/physical test and background check before being hired. Once hired it’s off to the law enforcement academy for 14 to 16 weeks. Once all of that is done you spend your first year active on probation learning and meeting other requirements of your job before being released from rookie status. Yearly, the EPOs in RI have three range sessions where they continue training and holding proficiency. They have requirements they must meet annually for the Attorney General as any other law enforcement division would with officers who carry weapons. They train in low-light & high stress conditions to stay effective in real-life situations they might find themselves in. They also train in cold weather conditions in full gear in February as part of their proficiency. So the training aspect of the job doesn’t end with the initial academy but is continual through out their career.
Overall I spent about 4 ½ hours “on duty” with Officer DiPietro. The experience was extremely educational for me and an eye opener in several aspects. I was invited back for another ride-along during a heavier part of hunting season. An offer I plan to take him up on! If you ever get the chance, I HIGHLY recommend you go on a ride-along with or just take the time to get to know your local environmental officer. It’s good for us as sportsmen to get to know and support those who work to ensure that we can enjoy these sports and activities safely and for years to come. If you get the chance, take a second to say thanks and shake their hand.
Pro Staff Articles
How to Work up the Perfect Load for Your Muzzleloader - A Beginner's Guide
Last year I finally pulled a range day together for several of my friends. Many had been asking to go to the club with me and shoot. Some have firearms, some don’t, and some just came for the fellowship, and some to see if they could outshoot the other in a friendly contest. No matter the reason or expectation, it made for a great opportunity for many to shoot weapons they had never shot before. It gave me the opportunity to introduce a few of my friends to the world of muzzleloading. I remember one in particular, when asking me about it, commented on the idea of reloading after each shot, “Why would I want to go through all that trouble?” Well, it wasn’t a question I could answer verbally. I just said he’d have to try it and see. So as I walked him through it, it only took one shot and he was ready to swab, reload, and fire it again… and again… and again…
In this issue is a great article by Brad Gordon, “Considerations for Muzzleloader Buying and Usage”. It has a lot of great info on picking out a muzzleloader with things to think about while making the decision on the one that’s right for you and what to look for. In my article I want to focus a little more detail on what to do once the decision and purchase is made. Now, I want to stress the best thing you can do before anything else is to READ THE MANUAL that comes with your muzzleloader. You may have seen some of the things while researching the gun, but there are several safety things you need to know up front. You need to know what the maximum powder charge your gun can handle is for instance. Read the manual, KNOW THE LIMITS OF YOUR WEAPON.
All that being said, first thing's first… getting the muzzleloader “on the paper”. If you have access to a bore sighter, they are usually the best method with or without a scope. However, many muzzleloaders come factory bore sighted with their open sights, or scope if you purchased a “package” and provide you with the opportunity to head straight to the range. If a bore sighter is not readily available, you can still sight in, but will start at a much closer distance at first.
Where to Start: Your manufacturer most likely suggests a recommended bullet weight and powder charge. You can start there, but I would also purchase, or bum from friends as Brad suggests (which is what I did!), several different projectiles within + or – 50 grains of the suggested and a few different types of powder. Different brands of primers can’t hurt either.
Projectiles: Projectiles can seem overwhelming with so many variations of them out there and each touting to be the best, newest and most accurate. In your selection + and – 50 grains from manufacturer recommendation you’ll find many options as with any rifle bullet. (If there is no suggested “load” from the manufacturer, I recommend the 240 to 340 grain range to begin with.) Both conicals and 


sabots can shoot well and have their advantage. A straight conical is basically a bullet. They are typically a heavier bullet ranging between 300 and 400 grains. However they do go as low as 240 grain and as high as 425 grain or more depending on the caliber of muzzleloader and the use. Roundballs are still used as well, but mostly in pistols and more traditional muzzleloaders. They have a vari
ety of weights based mainly on caliber, and finally, sabots. Though used as a general term for the projectile, sabots are actually the piece (made mainly of plastic today) that wraps around a bullet. The bullets are a smaller caliber, allowing for a plastic sabot to encase it. This gives the option of producing a more varied style of bullet as the sabot is what is designed to engage the rifling of the barrel and seal the barrel as it is fired to prevent compression loss. With a smaller or larger sabot, manufacturers can adjust the caliber size and weight of the bullet greatly while still being fired from a larger caliber rifle.
Powder: You may also want to try different powders. It can be an expensive venture if you don’t have friends with different types readily available. Different powders can shoot better or worse in different rifles. Most black powder and black powder substitutes found on the shelf today ,however, are of an acceptable quality. But as you can afford to, it is always best to try as many as you can to dial in just the right one for your rifle. My personal suggestions are Hodgdon’s Triple Se7en (777) or Blackhorn 209. These are both very good
powders with very minimal corrosive components. They clean up very easily and I have seen good performance from both. The 777 also comes in pellet form, which can be a great way to start. “Pellets” are pre-measured amounts of powder packed tightly into a pellet form. With both 50 grain and 30 grain pellet options available you can fine tune your powder charge to some degree, though the powder form allows you a much greater range of adjustment to work up just the right load for your gun. That can always be done down the line though as more time and money are available. A final note on powder is to not be confused by the “F” rating. The “g” stands for Granulation and the “F, FF, FFF, or FFFF” is an indication of the size granule, determined by the size holes in the screen used to sift them at the manufacturer. The single F is the largest granule and FFFF the finest. Basic rule of thumb is that “FFg” is for rifles and “FFFg” is for pistols. This is not a hard rule, and can have exceptions, but you cannot go wrong with FFg in your muzzleloading rifle as a guideline.
Primers: Primers come in #11, Musket Cap, and 209 Shotgun. Most of your modern inlines come set up for 209 primers now. The majority of newer black powder substitutes require the hotter fire to burn the powder properly. You can sometimes however purchase different breach plugs set up for another type of primer. T
here is little variation within each primer style. Some manufacturers shoot better than others with different powders. Some 209s are a little hotter than others. I find the 209 primers used in reloading shotgun shells, not the ones made specifically for muzzleloader use, work the best in my gun. You may find different.
Ok, now that you have your varying projectiles and different powders all laid out at the range, you’re ready to begin the process of working up your renowned and accuracy feared “perfect load” for your muzzleloader. You can start in the middle of your range of projectiles, start at the lightest and work your way up, or start at the heaviest and work your way down, it’s all up to you. I know, I know, “decisions!” So let me help… start at the lightest. You have to decide which style or manufacturer of bullet to start with if you have multiple ones in that weight to choose from. I can only be expected to make so many decisions in one article after all. For powder, more is not always the best way to go. Some projectiles fly better and more accurately with less powder. Choose one kind of powder and I suggest you start with 80 grains. Again, if your manufacturer suggests a load, start there.
Here’s where bore sighting shines. You’re only concerned with being on the target at this point, not drilling t
he bullseye. If you didn’t have the boresighter, or the gun did not come bore sighted than you may want to start at 15 to 25 yards to better ensure you hit paper. Using the same bullet and powder charge each time, take three consecutive shots. Swab the barrel in-between each shot. Now you can increase or decrease the amount of powder by 5 to 10 grains and fire 3 more shots. By doing this, you can find the best volume of powder for that particular bullet. Mark each 3 shot group with powder charge used. You can use separate targets or use one for each different bullet you work with, however you choose. Work through each type and weight of bullet using various powder types and charges. As you do you will begin to see what works well and what doesn’t in your muzzleloader until you find just the right one. From there, you can sight in for that bullseye and see how it does at longer ranges. Some that shoot well at closer range may not serve you well at longer distances.
There are things however that you will discover in the field that you can’t find out on the range. For instance, you may find several different loads that shoot well and close performance-wise on the range, but in the field they perform differently. I found one particular load that worked amazing for my gun on the range, but after taking a few deer with it I noticed some failed performance from the projectile in hunting situations. I had to go back and find another projectile that would shoot well and use that one in the field for a while. Eventually I found one that not only shoots great accuracy-wise, but with deadly performance in the field. Of course, now they are being discontinued and I will have to go back and do it again. But hey, more time on the range is never a bad thing right?
It all may seem overwhelming and way too time-consuming to some, but these are methods of dialing in your weapon to just the right point. You can spend as much time and money in the effort as you can afford to do. If you have only three or four different projectiles and one kind of powder, you can work up the best load that those combinations will shoot in your muzzleloader and hit the field. It may not be the best your muzzleloader can do, but it may be the best you can do at the time. That’s OK. Do as much with it as you can when you can, just make sure whatever you end up with is accurate, safe and ethical. You can work on perfection over time.

take to the field alone with his beagles (as I do now). When I was big enough to go with him afield I went almost every time he went. If his friends were not “happy” about a young girl tagging along they did not stay his rabbit hunting friends for very long. Before I was big enough to spend the day in the briar patch rabbit hunting I was taught about the next important ingredient to rabbit hunting…
The dogs will also keep you honest. If you miss a shot on a rabbit they will be close behind that rabbit and they will run that rabbit to the next waiting hunter. The dogs will also become frustrated at you if you don’t shoot or miss the rabbit too many times and they can voice their disdain without ever saying a word. AS AN EXAMPLE: My grandfather and I were hunting the reclaimed strip mine area of Southeastern Ohio in 1969, his two beagles, Susie and Bubbles, were having a great day, and he had two rabbits in his vest for dinner, we only needed one more (I was too young to be allowed to carry a gun at that time and was just an observer). It suddenly started to snow and snow hard (blizzard type conditions). Golf ball size snowflakes were coming down so fast and heavy we could not see more than three feet in front of ourselves. The beagles had a rabbit up and were running it hard. They ran that rabbit in between us once and past us another three times. It was snowing so hard we could not see the rabbit and barely were able to make out the beagles. After the third trip past us the beagles pulled up stopped barking and sat down in front of us looking up as if to say: “Well, if you are not going to shoot it we are sure done running it”. After the dogs sat there for a minute they picked themselves up and walked back to my grandfather’s 1959 Buick and sat at the back door looking over their shoulders as if to say "okay we quit!"
makes its first mad dash after the dogs push him from his initial hiding place. This is where you let the dogs run the rabbit and get the opportunity to listen to the sweet sound of the pack pushing the rabbit usually first away from you and then turning it and bringing it back your way. On this return trip is when, if you are out to harvest a few rabbits for the cooking pot, to take your best shot.
prime hunting land that reminded me of a lot of the land many hunt in Pike County Illinois and after my tour I think we may have a TalkHunting Deer Champion come out of this area due to Corn and Bean fields plus white oak acorn trees lined the draws. After the tour we traveled back to the Dove field lined with hay bales and trees lined and many spots were reserved by family and close friends and I was assigned a great location in front of a gallery of none hunting family members I joked
with later that they must have had a few good laughs at my shooting abilities of trying to nail a fast flying zig zagging Dove. We setup the newly purchased MOJO Dove tree near my area and quickly became oblivious it was not designed for the tropical storm Lee winds blowing in from the Gulf. The Tree was top heavy and we had to take out sections of the tree to keep it from blowing over.
started off slow until the Pigeons started flying in giving many much needed practice. As pigeons are considered a nuance bird and does not count against your Dove bag limit of 15. Later on that afternoon winds died down some and the Doves started coming in and the Dove busting started, you could see folks slipping out of the field back to the kitchen including me, but this is what makes opening day Dove shoot special, you get to socialize, eat, shoot a few birds, eat some more which makes for a great day.

Ok, "It's September and bow season is only a few days or weeks away." I know. It's not a good excuse though, so don't try that one 
"I prefer something modern." Um... ok, buy the newest most expensive bow on the market. It's UNBELIEVABLE how technologically advanced these bows are today. It'll make you drool! It is not the old days of sneaking through the woods in a loincloth hoping you can see something before it sees you. Though that does sound pretty cool. I can't say I would hate to try it, though not so sure about the loincloth idea. That's the beauty of it though. You can be as bare roots or as sophisticated as you want to be. You can go traditional with long bows and recurves, crossbows, compounds with aluminum risers, solo-cams, and now even built from carbon fiber top to bottom. Loincloths not included.
If they are willing have them come along side you and take you hunting. Even if you have no one to teach you, like the way I started out, you can still make it happen. (If you get the chance, read my blog 
This boisterous little dog’s origins can be traced to Britain as early as the 1570’s where it was developed to follow the fox into its lair and bring it out by whatever means necessary. This makes the Fox Terrier quite suitable for finding and chasing squirrels into the trees and then barking at the base of the tree at the squirrel. Fox Terriers are also used on farms, mostly in Europe now, to ferret out rats in the barnyards.
These are firm-bodied squarely-built dogs. The flat, hard coat of the smooth verity is mainly white with tan black or ginger colored markings. The course, broken double coat of the wire verity comes in the same colors. The wire coat is dense and wirery just as the name suggests. The legs of the breed are straight and firm with smaller feet. The V-shaped ears fold and fall forward about 1/3 of their length but not all Fox Terriers have ears that fold foward and that is only mportant if the dog is to be shown in confirmation breed events. The breeds tails are usually docked to three-quarters the usually length. This breed is usually no taller than 16 inches at the shoulders and tends to weight between 13 to 20 pounds.
The reason the breed makes a good squirrel hunting companion is because it is a keen and alert dog that enjoys independence. They are always “game” and ready for any fun. However, they can be obstinate and strong-willed and need to be firmly and persistently trained from an early age. Fox Terriers enjoy being part of the family and are quite reliable with children, although the wire verity can be a bit snappish at times with less patience. Both verities can also be argumentative with other dogs, even very large ones. They make great watchdogs, although their high-pitched barking can be annoying to some people. This breed may be too much for some older owners.
greater, blues and snow geese were using this field and so our decoy setup matched accordingly. As they got closer we could see the large group of lessers checking out our spread. They dropped air from their wings and descended quickly because they liked what they heard and saw. Eight of the geese broke from the flock and circled just out in front to ride the wind current and passed right in front of us at about 25 yards. Take ’em was called by Jerry our guide and the whip cracking sound of shotguns echoed as 7 of those geese dropped from the air. The lone goose circled around as I called to him with a “moan’. He took the same route as the rest of the flock and met a similar fate. First round of the morning and we were off to an excellent start. Our group of hunters contained 6 very good shooters including Jerry Liske, who is Rick’s’ father and Jordan Liske, Rick’s son who was on his first guiding experience. Jordan was in a blind next to me and we “high fived” as the first group of geese hit the ground. A well scouted field with excellent team work by the hunters to set up and cover up, our success was heard by the hollers’ from the group. A great way to start!